Method and apparatus for introducing explosive mixtures into internalcombustion engines



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A. P. BRUSH AND APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING EXPLOSIVE IIXTURES INTOINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENG Filed March 12, 1923 Oct. 8, 1929.

METHOD Oct. 8, 1929. A. P. BRUSH 1,730,641

IETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES INTO INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINES Filed March 12 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 anuentozflaansan Z. Brash J K K Patented Oct. d, 1 929 ALAN SON P. BRUSH, OFDETROTIT, MICHIGAN METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR inraomrcmo nxrnosivnMIXTURES m'ro INTERNAL- COMBUSTION mamas Application filed March 12,1923. Serial No. 624,629.

The invention relates to the introduction of explosive mixtures intointernal combustion engines and has more particular reference to themeans for stabilizing the mixture under various conditions of operationso as to maintain a constant proportion.

Proportioned mixtures of air and liquid fuel such as delivered from thecarburetor to the inlet manifold of the engine are of an unstablenature, due; first, that certain portions of the fuel (end points) willonly vaporize at a comparatively high temperature; second, liquidparticles carried in suspension will drop out of the low velocityportions of the current or are thrown out by their own inertia wherethere is a change of direction of the current. Where the mixture isrobbed of apart of the fuel, it is no longer properly proportioned forcombustion, and even where the fuel is eventually reintroduced into themixture, the first effect is to produce an incombustible or imperfectlycombustible mixture-,- hence the difficulty in-starting a cold engine.

It is the primary object of the present invention to so stabilize themixture that a constant proportion of air and fuel will be maintainedwhether the engine is hot or coldor operating at low or high speeds andpower output. This includesv means for withdrawing from the mixture anyunvaporized fuel which might otherwise drop out on the way to theexplosion chamber, together with means for quickly heating such fuel andreintroducing the same into the mixture. Thus even a temporary leaningof the mixture is avoided. It is a further'object to facilitate thevaporization of the end points without either overheating the mixture ordelaying the reintroduction of the fuel into the same. 40 With theseobjects in view the invention con- .sists in the method of operation andin the construction as hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation showing oneconstruction of my improvement;

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through an engiie manifold to which thedevice is aplie v p Figure 3 is a central longitudinal section of 5 amodified construction.

' Broadly described, my improvement consists in removing unvaporizedfuel from the low velocity portions of the current and in heating andquickly reintroducing such removed fuel into a high velocity portion ofthe current. A further feature is in subjecting the removed fuel ;whilebeing heated This to a current of air of limited volume.

removes the vapor atmosphere and lowers the vapor pressureabove of theremaining liquid, thereby facilitating vapor zation.

In detail and as shown in Figure 1, A is a carburetor of any-suitableconstruction, B the throttle valve'thereof, and C the manifold leadingto the several cylinders of the engine. Formed either as a part of thismanifold or intermediate the same and the carburetor is a casing D whichforms an expansion chamber, lowering the velocity of the current passing therethrough. As shown, the casing D has a dependin portion Eforming a well or receptacle fort e liquid fuel dropping out ofsuspension. The bottom F of this well is preferably of a conical formand is heatedby suitable means, such as by forming a chamber G for theexhaust gases therebeneath. H is an ejector tube extending upward fromthewell E, its upper end being arranged in a dropping outof the current,for the ejector tube is in constant operation and will carry the fuelwith the current passing there-- through. When the engine is cold, theseparts. will function merely as a commin ler,

utvwhen the bottom wall is heated, the eat will passby conduction intothe-liquid and will facilitate vaporization. The more refractoryportions or end points of-the fuel will be retained longest in contactwith the heated surface and as the current is sweeping away the vapor asfast as formed, this will have the effect of lowering the vapor pressureabove the liquid and facilitating vaporization.

If desired, the ejector effect may be stimulated by the formation of ajet aperture J through the bottom wall F in axial alignment with thetube H. This will discharge a limited quantity of the exhaust gases intothe tube, increasing the velocity of the moving current and alsocontributing to a small extent to the heat supplied to the fuel.

\Vith the modified construction shown in Figure 3, which forms thesubject matter of my copendin application, Serial Number 624,630, filedMarch 12, 1923, instead of placing the ejector tube in the fuel Well, aconduit K is connected to thefuel well E and returns therefrom to aportion of the manifold in rear of the well, first passing through theexhaust conduit L and terminating in a nozzle M. The nozzle M is placedin connection with the Venturi passage N, which will produce thenecessary pressure drop to cause a flow of current through the conduitK. For introducing exhaust gases into the ejector tube there is provideda nozzle 0 communicating with the exhaust conduit L and inserting into ithe conduit K in the direction of the flow therethrough. Thisconstruction will function. in a similar manner to the constructionpreviously described, the only difference being the specificconstruction of means for reintroducing the fuel and the point in themanifold at wh ch said fuel is reintroduced.

My improvement has many advantages, among which are; first, itsoperativeness when the engine is cold, as in the starting of the same;second, it avoids overheating the air or complete mixture and thusprevents loss in power; third the fuel will be vapor ized at a lowertemperature so as to avoid danger of destructive distillation or theforming of carbon; fourth, there is little delay in the reintroductionof the fuel, such as would be occasioned by the trapping of thesame inin a fixed pocket.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. The combination with the intake of an fuel into said current, meansoperated by the exhaust gases for heating the fuel while in said well,and means for discharging a portion of said exhaust gases into saidejector tube to stimulate the action thereof.

4. The combination with an induction conduit of an internal combustionengine, of an expansion chamber having a Well in the bottom thereof forreceiving a portion of aliquid fuel content separated by gravity, and anejector operated by the main current for lifting and reintroducing theseparated fuel said ejector having its inlet end arranged to admit alimited volume of mixture thereto and heating means for the fuelintermediate the point of separation and reintroduction, said heatingmeans beingout of contact with the main current of the mixture.

5. The combination with the induction conduit of an internal combustionengine having a substantially horizontal section, of a vcrti-' callydisposed expansion chamber communicating intermediate its ends with saidhorizontal section and having a Well in the lower portion thereof forreceiving a portion of the liquid fuel content separated by gravity,means for heating the bottom wall ofsairl' well, an ejector tube leadingfrom the said well into the main current, and a Venturi tube having itsinlet adjacent the point of communication of said expansion chamberwith-said horizontal section and having its restricted portion at thedischarge end of said ejector tube. I

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

3 ALANSON P. BRUSH.

internal combustion engine having a throttle valve, of an expansionchamber above said throttle valve for separating by gravity from theexplosive mixture a portion of the liquid fuel content, means forcontinuously reinportion thereof for receiving a portion of the v I

